The article mainly aims to distinguish different attitudes between demographers and population anthropologist on migration studies. Besides statistics, anthropology focuses on human actions in migration. It also studies connections between variables in demography and human cultures. It explores incidents in the same period and in different periods. This study combines demographic methodologies and real data to develop various migration patterns to explain phenomena in Taiwan and Penghu.
From a historical perspective, migration from Penghu to Taiwan is influenced by cultural traditions and living conditions. Migrant attributes and migration directions change in different times. The earlier pattern is more homogenous, while the latter pattern is more heterogeneous. In other words, migrant attributes and migration directions in earlier time is much diverse than those in later time. It’s related to migration options (active or passive). In theory, migration pattern in one area does not evolve unilaterally from homogeneous to heterogeneous.
When studying migration, anthropology also focuses on adaptation. Each pattern has different adaptation methods. Homogeneous and heterogeneous migration patterns will be helpful to future migration studies.

The article discusses how recent development policies in Taiwan influence internal migration and issues between cities and countryside. It also describes population decentralization policies in five European countries as references.
Development policies in Taiwan used to encourage more on industrial development and international trade, and less on agricultural development. As a result, industrial and business organizations grew rapidly in metropolises like Taipei and Kaohsiung. Population is also highly concentrated in urban areas with limited options. High concentration and few options in migration lead to urban pollution, traffic jam, housing shortage, greenery inadequacy, and water shortage. Other related issues in farming regions include labor shortage, lower produce growth, less public infrastructure, and brain drain. To mitigate these issues, the writer suggest improve development and migration policies. Besides current infrastructure projects, feasible policies also include urban development adjustments, regional development revival, and other regional programs. Experiences in Britain, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy for population decentralization can be references to Taiwan.

Most migration studies analyze males, or males and females together. This article hypothesizes that, due to different circumstances, male and female migrants have different decision-making processes and patterns. This is a preliminary study on gender differences in migration. The data come from 500 farming families in central Taiwan. It’s divided into long-term emigrants (197 males and 88 females), and workers stay in local areas (452 males and 189 females). After comparing personal attributes (age, sibling, educational level, occupation, and destination) in female and male emigrants, we notice a significant age difference. Education, occupation and sibling factors are similar. As to destination, females in central Taiwan mostly migrate within the region, while males mostly go north. Few males and females move to southern Taiwan. Male and female migrants have different movement orientations in three variables: age group, parent educational level and parent occupation. In variables like sibling, educational level, land ownership, family income and family structure, male and female migrants show similar movement orientation. These analyses only identify features and movement orientation among male and female migrants. Effective interpretations require further studies.

Studies in developed countries show that, double responsibilities in workforce participation and child education suppress female fertility. Females with more work experiences tend to have fewer children. However, studies on females in underdeveloped countries do not show consistence connections between workforce participation and fertility. We can claim that conflicts between two roles exist, so working females have lower fertility. We can also claim the conflicts do not exist, as other members in traditional families can support in child education. Based on the latest survey in 1976, this article analyzes the connection between workforce participation and fertility among partnered females in Taiwan. Results show workforce participation has minimal influences to fertility, far less than educational level, urbanization and other socioeconomic factors. As population growth rate rebounds, it’s suggested to enhance family/population education on campus. Young females should receive longer formal education to reduce fertility expectations and to mitigate population pressure in Taiwan.

The article discusses themes and communication techniques in family planning radio programs in Taiwan in earlier times, especially with inserts and short plays. Most persuasive techniques in communication strategies do not appear randomly or in isolation. Techniques bundled together reflect on how communicators understand communication policies and processes. Paired analysis can identify patterns that combine themes and techniques. Results show that earlier campaigns focus on inserts to inform common senses and facts. Later efforts comparatively focus on short plays to appeal to emotion and awareness. Communication themes and persuasive techniques both offer several identifiable patterns to presume communication effects.

It is a study on several contraceptive methods among partnered women in Taiwan. After 12 months, 59.81%, 34.30% and 33.72% of women continue to use Lippes loops, pills and condoms, respectively. After 18 months, the ratio is 49.64%, 26.22% and 29.39%, respectively.
Within 18 months, Lippes loops users continue for 12.83 months, pill users take 8.36 months, and condom users last 8.15 months, on average.
According to statistics, 8.33% of women failed to prevent pregnancy with Lippes loops, 2.47% with pills and 3.81% with condoms. To calculate Pearl’s index based on how many users out of 100 fail to prevent pregnancy, the number for Lippes loop, pills and condoms is 3.17, 3.63, and 5.82, respectively. Results show differences among these three contraceptive methods in efficacy and efficiency.
In conclusion, to increase contraceptive effects, it’s necessary to provide health education and medical consultations/follow-ups to users.