Panels of regional unemployment data across different demographic groups are examined to explore the sources of the deterioration in employment in Taiwan during the past decade. The application of the two-factor fixed-effects estimation approach leads to two main findings. First, wide regional unemployment differentials do exist and appear as the differences in fixed effects. Second, regional unemployment rates are found to be highly correlated with the macroeconomic policies of the importation of foreign workers, the level of the minimum wage, and the extent of the enforcement of the Labor Standards Law. As area unemployment rates rise or fall nationwide during a macroeconomic recession or expansion, these findings together imply that differences in the area equilibrium unemployment rate (natural unemployment rate) would dominate in the regional disparities of unemployment. Therefore, in addition to the demographic-specific and nationwide macroeconomic policies, it is necessary to adopt a set of regionally diversified policies that are aimed at promoting both regional economic growth and labor market flexibility.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between sibling order, SES, marriage, and fertility in Chu-shan Hokkien communities, E-mei Hakka communities, Chu-pei Hokkien communities, and Chu-pei Hakka communities based on the data of household registers during Japanese colonial period. Logistic regression models were adopted to examine the effects of different areas, SES and sibling on the first marriage and marriage patterns whereas multiple regression models were applied to explore the influence of four different areas, varied marriage patterns, sibling order, and SES on the number of legitimated children. Among four research areas, the findings were shown (1) SES and sibling order both had direct effects on whether a man married or not; (2) SES did not demonstrate the effect on marriage patterns, but sibling order did. Relative the first son, sons of the other sibling order had higher odds to marry uxorilocally; (3) SES and sibling order did not express significant effects on the number of legitimated children; (4) The influence of sibling on the number of legitimated children might be indirectly through the different marriage patterns.

The postwar Taiwan rapidly shifted from an agriculture-based economy to an industry-based one. This economic development redefined its position in the world economic system. The national economic development accompanied the development of rural industry. The purpose of this research is to examine how the changes of economic structure influenced the strategies of utilizing human resource in rural areas. Labor migration was the major part of the strategies for utilizing human resources. Therefore, this research focuses on the relationship between the changes of economic structure and labor migration.
The research is based on the data collected by B. Gallin and R. S. Gallin in the mid-1960s and the late-1970s from an agrarian village in central Taiwan. The research adopts the family perspective, which suggests that the strategy of utilizing human resources is a part of family sustenance strategies. To face the changes of economic structure, rural villagers develop new strategies of utilizing human resources to ensure the balance between the needs of labor input and family consumption.
The results show the strong relationships between the changes of economic structures and labor migration. Although in the late-1970s, larger families had more labor migrants than other types of families, facing the increases of rural industrial jobs, villagers developed new strategies for utilizing human resources. While some villagers still decided to migrate to cities, the development of rural industry increased the villagers’ possibilities of obtaining nonfarming jobs and farming family land simultaneously. Meanwhile, land-holdings generally were not related to labor migration. This means that during the mid-1960s and the late-1970s, land-holdings did not influence how families developed their strategies for utilizing family human resources.

Based on the tabulations of the IMDB (a data system created by Statistics Canada by linking the landing records and income tax records of immigrants), this paper studies the post-landing interprovincial migration of the immigrants in Canada during all threeyear periods from 1980-83 to 1992-95. Our main findings are as follows:
Newly landed immigrants in Canada were much more prone to making long-distance migration soon after landing than were Canadian-born individuals and immigrants who had resided in Canada for five or more years. Their post-landing migration led to a further concentration of the immigrant population in Ontario and British Columbia which already had more than their “fair”shares of immigrants at the time of landing. Underlying this pattern of net transfer was the fact that each of these two provinces had a relatively strong economy, large immigrant communities, and a major international airport. This further concentration of the relocating immigrants is considered to be problematic in the sense that it contributed to the weakening of the political powers of the economically weak provinces.
With respect to immigration classes, the interprovincial net transfer was much stronger for those in the investor, entrepreneur, and refugee classes than for those in the family and assisted relatives classes. This finding suggests that the intensity of the net transfer can be reduced by a modification of the immigration plan which allocates the annual total intake of immigrants to different immigration classes. But, since all immigration classes shared the same spatial pattern of net transfer, such a change in the immigration plan can not reverse the further concentration in Ontario and British Columbia.
Unlike the very strong educational selectivity in the interprovincial migration of the Canadian-born that resulted in not only a net loss of migrants but also a decrease in the quality of human resources in the economically weak provinces, the educational selectivity in the interprovincial migration of the new immigrants within the first three years after landing turned out to be rather weak and somewhat irregular. Although this finding suggests that the post-landing migration of the immigrants was less detrimental to the quality of the human resources of the economically weak provinces than was the interprovincial migration of the Canadianborn, we expect that as the immigrants stay longer in Canada, the educational selectivity in the internal migration of the immigrants would become more similar to that of the Canadian-born.
The deconcentration and widespread dispersal in the 1995-2000 interstate migration of the immigrants in the United States can not serve as a harbinger for a general reversal in the interprovincial migration of immigrants in Canada, unless the persistently large gap in economic opportunities between Ontario and British Columbia on the one hand and the economically weak provinces on the other can be significantly reduced. With a strong economic base, Alberta is the only province that is likely to change from a net loser to a long-term net gainer of relocating immigrants.