本研究的目的在於探討影響台灣族群通婚機會的因素。在探討族群通婚的形成因素時，大多數的研究僅考慮個人特徵與家庭背景的影響，對於擇偶過程的作用，很少涉及。從微觀的供給觀點，本文探究兩個影響族群通婚的重要因素：擇偶過程中能夠決定遇到不同族群對象的機率的「接觸場合」，以及決定與不同族群結婚的「婚姻自主性」對族群通婚的作用，藉以瞭解擇偶過程如何影響族群通婚的形成；同時，我們也重新討論個人的教育程度在族群通婚上發揮的影響力。本文的研究對象取材自「台灣地區社會變遷基本調查」第四期第二次「家庭組」的全國性調查資料。本文的分析發現，在擇偶過程中，認識異性的接觸場合與個人擁有的婚姻自主性是影響族群通婚的兩個重要因素。其中，學校、工作場合作為兩性交往的接觸場合有助於提高族群通婚的機會。擁有婚姻自主性者，提高跨族群通婚的機會。在不同族群內，教育對族群通婚的影響程度不一，這個分析結果顯示有必要重新檢視教育對族群通婚的影響機制，我們認為不該過度化約與誇大教育對族群通婚的正向作用，而忽略高教育人口與優勢族群共同產生的排他性。關於族群的作用，本文只部分支持人口結構的理論觀點，擁有相對較小人口數的客家人，相較於閩南人，有較高的族群通婚機會；但未有充足的證據支持外省人有較高的通婚機會。

The main purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect the likelihood of ethnic intermarriage in Taiwan. While past research has found individual characteristics and family background as the significant determinants of ethnic intermarriage little is known about the effects of mating process. To investigate the determinants of ethnic intermarriage, this study adopts a supply-side perspective of micro-level interaction opportunities. In particular, this paper focuses on two aspects of mating process: the contexts where a couple meets each other and the degree of autonomy as one makes the decision of marriage. We also discuss the effect of one’s education on the decision of marrying someone from a different ethnic group. A national sampling dataset used in the analysis come from the Fourth Wave of the Taiwan Social Change Survey. The results indicate that marriage autonomy and contact settings both have substantial effects in the formation of ethnic intermarriage. Specifically, the contexts where a couple meets each other, such as the schools where one attends, the workplaces where one pursues his or her career, help enhance theodds of ethnic intermarriage. Moreover, the stronger the marriage autonomy one has, the more likely for one to cross the ethnic boundary. The analytic results remind us that we should refrain from exaggerating the role of education in the ethnic intermarriage. The findings also highlight the exclusiveness of higher education and the advantage of Mainlanders. The results also support the macro-structural approach that minority ethnic groups, such as Hakka, tend to have greater opportunities of ethnic outmarriage. We do not have abundant evidence to support the statement that Mainlanders have a higher probability of outmarriage.

本研究主要從性別的角度，探討跟隨父母移居澳洲的一點五代臺灣移民，在面對就學與就業、交友與婚姻上，如何展現其跨國性的思維，並希望能引起廣泛的討論。
透過2001 年澳洲普查資料以及針對20 位移居澳洲布里斯本一點五代臺灣移民的深度訪談後發現：受到傳統文化（尤其是家庭觀念及家長態度）、臺澳的社會環境以及同儕影響，臺灣出生一點五代年輕移民的跨國性思維特徵明顯，這使得不同性別在移居地所展現的行為特徵與決策有所異同。舉例而言，家長與子女均會受傳統性別觀念以及考慮未來就業出路影響，去評估所就讀的科系是否符合性別角色及當前臺、澳二地未來就業市場需求，其結果導致男性偏重理工科系，而女性偏重人文科系。從事的職業類別對臺灣人而言，是一種社會自我認同的表徵，尤其是男性。男性面對在家庭、社會及自我壓力的傳統觀念束縛下，要找到自己認為合適工作的空間及彈性比較小。而女性比男性容易放下身段，而且也比較能接受轉換職業，因此對於行業與職業的選擇較為寬廣且彈性。
一般而言，男性與女性的交友對象的差異不大，但對於婚姻而言，男女之間就有了差異。受訪者在婚姻方面多希望自己未來結婚的對象是臺灣人和最好是和自己背景相似的人。男性會考慮另一半的語言和文化背景是否能讓父母或家庭接受，而女性則比較彈性較不排斥外國人。

The purpose of this research is to analyse, through gender roles, the lives of immigrated Taiwanese youths in Australia. Four particular facets of their lifestyles will be explored, these being education, occupation, social interaction and marriage. A key goal of this research is to observe and understand the transnational values, ideologies and perceptions these young immigrants display, and the facets of their lives in which these distinct culture identities will become apparent.
The primary data sources of this research are derived from the 2001 Australian Census and twenty in-depth interviews of Taiwanese youths in Brisbane. From the results of the studies, many significant issues became apparent. It was found that in tertiary fields of study, males were much more inclined towards science and engineering related fields, while females generally chose fields in humanities and services. These distinctly different fields can be attributed to the traditional gender roles imposed by the cultural values of Taiwan and their parents who advocate them,as well as their social environment in Australia. It was also apparent that the field of study selected by these immigrated youths determined their future occupations. For both genders, perceived identity and social position were a significant factor in the selection of occupations. It could be concluded that the males feel that their family duties and personal expectations are greater than females, causing them to have a more limited occupational choice.
In general, the differences between male and female attitudes toward social relationships were minute, however when the topic of marriage arose, notable differences between the two genders arose. When asked about prospective spouses, the male interviewees generally shared a preference for Taiwanese women or Asian women who have similar cultural experiences as themselves. This preference was found to be effected by the issue of how a prospective spouse’ language and culture would impact their families. Conversely, female interviewees exhibited more flexibility and acceptance to the notion of a foreign or Australian spouse.

This study is based upon the conceptual framework of Andersen model to examine the factors affecting selection strategies of long-term care service for the elderly, which include nursing home, assisted living, community service and home care. Data was collected from a survey of 1,789 caregivers live in San-Yin area and Chia-I city in Taiwan. Results of multiple logistic regressions with control of other variables indicated that responsibility expectation and care loading are key factors for service selection. Previously stated, physical need of disabled population was the most important predictor of service using for the disable. Current results additionally indicated that care loading and expectation of responsibility of caregivers were strongly correlated with service selection, especially when physical loading, emotional and time pressure occurred, and family responsibility was not necessarily insisted. In general, family care is still a mainstream of long-term care model. However, caregivers will expect assistance from formal service systems while they are suffering a considerable pressure. This expectation will elevate rapidly with the increasing need of long-term care. The government should develop various long-term care resources to support the disabled and their caregivers for releasing living burden.

本研究引用Andersen 健康行為模式，探討功能障礙者之照顧者對機構式、照顧住宅、社區式及居家式四類長期照護服務方案的使用意願及其影響因子，資料來源為行政院建構長期照護體系先導計畫實驗社區之前測資料。根據台北縣三峽鶯歌地區及嘉義市1,789 位樣本調查，進行對數複迴歸分析，控制其他重要變項後，前傾因素：照顧者對照顧責任的看法，以及需求因素：照顧者主觀感受的照顧負荷，兩項為影響照顧者使用各項服務的關鍵因素。檢視過去服務使用態度的研究結果，功能障礙者的需求因素向來被視為是重要預測因素；然而本研究結果顯示功能障礙者的需求並不必然影響照顧者對服務使用意願，關鍵是照顧者對照顧責任的看法及對照顧負荷的察覺程度。當照顧者表達較高的照顧負荷，特別是身體、情緒及個人時間負荷，且認為照顧不僅是家庭責任時，對服務使用意願有顯著影響。家庭照顧雖為我國目前長期照護的主要模式，但當照顧者面對照顧壓力時，十分期待來自家庭以外服務支持；而該項期許勢必隨著長期照護需求的遽增而擴大，政府勢必需要儘速發展各項長期照護服務資源，以滿足功能障礙者及其照顧者之照顧需求。

In response to industrialization and urbanization, changes in the form and function of family seem inevitable. In the study of family decline, a new typology of family is advanced that is based on kin relationships beyond co-residence boundaries. Four subtypes of family are distinguished according to contact frequency and spatial proximity, namely, the neo-extended, dispersed, alienated, and detached sub-types of family. Analyzing data collected from the fourth round of Taiwan Social Change Survey, we have identified the main determinants in the formation of a neoextended family, which include respondents’ socioeconomic status (education, wages, homeownership, religiousness), degree of adherence to traditional value, and whether or not family property has been divided. Moreover, we have found that most respondents belong to the neo-extended family, and exchanges between the respondents and their close relatives are relatively high. These findings point out that family function has been maintained despite of the progress of the nuclearization, due mainly to frequent contact and residential proximity between non-coresiding families.

本文依受訪者與不同住親屬之互動關係提出一個新的家庭分類法，不但可與傳統分類法互補，而且可以用來檢視親人間的互動是否可以跨越同住的限制。文中以互動頻率與居住距離兩個面向來界定互動關係，兩個面向各再分兩類，共計四種類型，即新式擴大家庭、散居家庭、疏離家庭，與孤立家庭。我們利用台灣社會變遷第四期第二次調查資料進行實證分析，發現新式擴大家庭在四種類型中所佔比例最高，此類家庭的主要決定因素包括教育、工資、宗教、住屋所有權、子女奉養，與是否分產等。其中，後兩點顯示傳統價值與財產的積聚或分享乃是臺灣家庭型式變化相對較少的主因。而新式擴大家庭對社會支持的交換較他類家庭比例為高，說明互動頻繁與居住鄰近是家庭維繫的主因。