墮胎在臺灣雖係非法，但甚普遍。幾年來政府正研討修改，制訂優生保健法。這項「臺灣家庭計畫工作人員（400名）對墮胎之看法」的調查研究，可為今後政府執行有關墮胎法規之參考。調查結果顯示：家庭計畫工作人員對墮胎，一般都甚容許，但對在某些情況下墮胎，則甚反對。他們的觀點與一般民眾略有不同。與現行法規亦有所出入。對不同情況下墮胎，容許或反對之程度，可製成一累積階梯（柯德曼量表）。對此之瞭解有助於工作人員之挑選與訓練及教育。

Induced abortion is generally illegal in Taiwan but available widely through private medical practitioners. The Government has begun to consider relaxing legal restrictions. The four hundred governmental family planning field workers there were surveyed about induced abortion. These could be involved in future governmental programs related to abortion. Major findings were that the workers although generally favorable to induced abortion are often unfavorable under certain circumstances, differ somewhat from the public they serve, and do not expouse views in consonance with existing laws. Furthermore, cumulative ethical judgment scales are shown to exist which could have important implications for educational approaches. Recommendations for in-service training and other program activity are made.

在原理上，生命表的製作可把某一（數）種死亡原因剔除，以瞭解該死因對平均餘命的影響。在製作這種生命時，死亡機率〔 〕和靜態人口〔 〕的計算是兩個重要課題。本文比較死亡機率（剔除死因i以後）的兩種計算方法，不同方法產生不同結果。此外靜態人口（剔除i以後）的計算影響平均餘命和死因剔除後餘命的增加。本文作者認為克羅（Krall）及希曼（Hickman）兩氏提議的「交往法」較為合用，這方面所研究尚待探討改進之處仍多。

The purpose of the study is to test methods concerning construction of cause-eliminated life tables with respect to calculating the value of and to adjusting the value of . Comparing the “actuarial” method suggested by Chiang and Greville with the “interaction” method suggested by Krall and Hickman, we find that selection of the method of obtaining is not trival. Alternative methods yield substantially different result. It is also found that the procedure for adjusting affects the value of and consequently gain in life expectancy at birth. These two methodological problems are not unrelated. If some adjustment is needed to make gains in life expectancy seem more reasonable, then it seems more appropriate to consider a method which will affect values of functions throughout the life table rather than a single value. The interaction method of calculation seems to have promise as such a procedure. This study, however, suggests need for further research to minimize arbitrariness in procedures of calculating life table values.

本文旨在探討臺灣地區遷移者與非遷移者間之差異生育力，尤其著重於由鄉村遷入都市者。研究資料取自足以代表民國六十二年全島主要育齡婦女之生育力抽樣調查資料，並利用統計交叉法和複分類分析法加以分析。移動者係指該等婦女丈夫出生地與現住地不同行政區域為準，並分院（省）轄、市、鎮、鄉四個主要行政區域作為移動流向統計的依據。無論哪一類型移動的流向，移動者平均希望，期望及實際生育力皆比移動者在遷出地或目的地為低。此現象經控制妻之年齡或結婚期間及夫妻之教育程度仍舊存在。不過，就統計顯著性而言，僅由鄉鎮遷入都市者與鄉鎮非移動者有此生育力差異。一般而言，移動者累積生育力較低主要是由於希望生育較少孩子數，並積極有效實行家庭計畫所致。移動本身並非導致生育行為改變的因素，因為移動者在遷移前之生育力與同年齡層和教育程度在移動所在地之非移動者相似。顯然地，遷入都市者比鄉鎮非移動者生育力較低，是移居都市後生育力下降的結果。都市環境的影響確實有助於生育力之下降，尤其對早年遷入都市者影響更甚。

The article focuses on fertility differences between migrants and non-migrants in Taiwan, especially those who move from villages to cities. Data come from representative fertility surveys in Taiwan in 1973. It adopts statistical cross analysis and multiple classification analysis. Migrants refer to males and females have different places of birth and places of residence in the registry. It adopts four kinds of jurisdictions, county, city, town, and village, to determine migration.
Under all kinds of migration, migrants have lower aspiring, expecting and real fertility than non-migrants, even if factors like female age, duration of marriage, and educational level are controlled. Statistically, this fertility difference only happens between migrants from villages to cities and non-migrants in villages. Generally, migrant fertility is lower because they want to have few children, and actively implement family planning. Migration itself is not the reason behind fertility change, as migrants before migration have similar fertility, compared to non-migrants in the same age groups and educational levels. Obviously, migrants who move to cities have lower fertility than non-migrants in villages. It’s because of urban environment. Urban environment does impact fertility, especially to those who move to cities in their early ages.

臺灣地區自五十三年正式大規模推廣家庭計畫以後，婦女生育水準加速下降，其間社會經濟發展快速，自亦影響一般婦女之生育意願與行為，有謂現代生活注重享受且對子女依賴程度日益減弱，致第一胎生育間隔自應延長，以免影響生活素質提高之追求，惟據62年與65年之調查資料分析四十年至六十年間結婚之婦女生育間隔反逐年縮短，經查證發現未滿二十歲成婚者婚前性行為比例高為其主要原因，但一般於正常年齡成婚者鑑於避孕知識之普遍與現在實行率之高，亦不致有此違反常理之現象，值得進一步研究。生育間隔縮短對減低人口成長率之政策不利，因此如何促使一般夫婦延長間隔應為家庭計畫工作努力之目標。

After Taiwan officially implements family planning in a large scale in 1964, female fertility falls down faster. Rapid socio-economic developments also influence fertility will and action among females. As modern life focuses on personal pleasure and reduces reliance on children, the first child is delayed to pursue higher quality of life. However, survey data from 1973 to 1976 shows that, among females married between 1951 and 1971, the first child actually comes earlier. The main reason is because pre-marital sex happens more often to females married before 20 years old. While many people have more contraceptive awareness and actions, this phenomenon against common sense deserves further studies. This phenomenon is not encouraging to policies to reduce population growth. Family planning should work to delay the first child among married couples.

在過去三十年一個村落（作者研究的村落）人口的趨勢由原來大量增加，直到頂高點之後變為減少。戶籍登記資料所顯示的此村人口數量減少的現象經由本研究實地全面調查以予查證。實地普查資料所得出的人口減少數比戶籍上所登記資料所得出的人口減少數量大。本文中對當前人口統計資料的問題及資料正確的重要性作了若干檢討。本文最後對可用為揭發與記錄人口數目的定期小型研究提出了若干建議。

The historical trend of population in an agricultural village during a 30 year period shows an initial large increase which tapers off and finally becomes a decrease. The decrease in population as revealed in the household registers is tested against a field census conducted by the author in 1978. The decrease is shown to be much greater than official records indicate. Some of the problems of keeping demographic statistics current and the importance of the accuracy of these statistics are reviewed. Finally, some suggestions are made for periodic small-scale studies which would reveal any deviance from recorded figures.

此篇文章無摘要

This paper discusses the methodological perspectives of structural change in the study of social mobility. It emphasizes the statistical decomposition of total mobility into structural and non-structural components. Focusing on occupational mobility table, it points out that the conventional statistics is not the best approach to the analysis of social mobility. A Log-Linear Model is introduced to facilitate the decomposition of total mobility. With some specific operations of the Log-Linear Model, a measure of the formal goodness of fit, G^2, is decomposed to test the statistical significances of structural and non-structural components and to compute the relative weights of the two components in total mobility. The approach is comparable to the decomposition of R^2 in regression analysis to yield the statistics of F ratio. The paper explores the conclusions of American occupational mobility studies and finds the possibilities of improvement. The paper also provides a critical review of the effect of structural change. It appears that the education structure affects the occupation structure which, in turn, affects the earnings structure. The change in occupational structure is intimately related to the trend in earnings inequality and both of them are the results of the redistribution of educational opportunities. A close examination of the American education, occupation, and earnings distributions indicates that the population heterogeneity has increased and then decreased. It is concluded that structural change produces a cyclical pattern in social mobility.

此篇文章無摘要

No English abstract available