Over the past 20 to 30 years, fertility actions among Chinese populations have been changing drastically. Chinese populations in Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong, under rapid economic developments and modernization, have modified birth rates to stable population growths. On the other hand, populations in Mainland China are forced to implement one-child population policy, under collective planning model. The article conducts detailed, in-depth and objective comparison analysis on how features, implementations and processes of these fertility planning programs influence social, economic and population quality. These results should be a basic reference for developing countries in response to their population expansion issue.

This paper examines the relationship between modernization and childlessness in the localities (the hsiens and major cities) of Taiwan in 1966. Taiwan has been characterized by both considerable economic development since the end of World War II, and concomitant fertility decline. In this paper we show rather considerable variation in childlessness among its hsiens and principal cities. A framework based on theories of modernization and development is then shown to provide a satisfactory interpretation of this variability. Generally, among the Taiwanese localities, there is a positive association between levels of development and rates of childlessness. We find more childlessness, presumably voluntary, in the more developed localities, and less in the less developed areas.

This article explores factors that influence how American college students think about the value of children. Samples come from 129 students who take general sociology course in Ohio State University. Three variables are used to evaluate influences on the value of children. The first set of variables is social and population factors, including gender, place of residence, sibling, religious activities, parent educational level, and parent occupation. The second set of variables is psychological and social orientations, including mass media exposure, self-control and fatalism. The third set of variables is attitudes toward family planning, including abortion, birth control, contraceptive method, and ideal number of children.
Stepwise regression analysis shows that attitudes towards family planning, especially abortion and ideal number of children, are two key variables to how American college students think about the value of children. Interviewees are less able to anticipate values of children. Socioeconomic status of parents is less important to the value of children than expected. It’s probably due to unique American culture, education and social systems. In the United States, children and youngsters have more opportunities to free development and avoid parental influences. They have more independent thoughts and self-determination. Psychological and social orientations also contribute very little, and less powerful than expected. Mass media exposure is even less influential. These results are very different from literature reviews. Four set of variables only contribute to 24.4% of value of children.
Path analysis is used to explore how variables affect one another. Results show that personal background factors influence value of children more indirectly than directly. Other factors, such as self-control, attitude towards abortion, and ideal number of children, influence value of children more directly.
Samples in this study are not obtained randomly, and the sample is too small. It’s an exploratory case study. Results probably do not represent American college students in general. These findings, however, offer materials to further analyze the value of children.

Though the studies of internal migration have accumulated a great deal of empirical findings and theoretical arguments about how people make the decision to more, the students are confused that on the one hand the gravity models present a world of regulated orderliness while on the other the migration differentials exhibit a chaotic situation where the decision to move depends on a whole set of individual characteristics. It appears that the two traditions of research have and probably would never meet each other unless efforts are made to bring them together. This paper interprets the gravity model of migration in the light of the Todaro model and relates it to the studies migration differentials. It is found that though the decision to move is a function of the relative opportunities in both the origination and destination, the function is also contingent on the characteristics of the individuals making the decision to move. A logit analysis of the probability of being employed in the urban-modern sector conditional on both the age and the schooling is presented. The results indicate that the structure of employment opportunities is the principal determinant of the probability while the level of schooling as an individual characteristic plays an important role in getting employed in the urban-modern sector.

This article highlights directions that family planning campaigns in Asia should focus on in future, including:

• (1) How contraceptive methods create touch points between institutions and users, especially face-to-face communication.
• (2) How to enhance continuous usage of contraceptive methods. The article provides some possible research subjects. Some were proposed in 1973 by International Committee for Applied Research in Population, but never conducted.
• (3 )Public orientations towards family planning materials and information sources from mass communication channels. Studies in this area have not been taken seriously. The article provides communication models suitable to current works.
• (4) Experimental studies to compare various educational methods, such as male family planning surveyors in Taiwan.
• (5) Use market survey methods to study different social groups and their thoughts, ideas, attitudes and actions towards contraception.
• (6) Researches on psychological-social needs, such as gender preference, communication between husband and wife, and how decisions are made.

In general, studies in Asian countries should focus more on practical researches, and think about how to integrate results into actual works. Taiwan, for example, should amend regulations that encourage childbirths, promote population education on campus, involve more males to participate in family planning campaigns, increase educations on youngsters and unmarried groups, expand participations from private institutions, and establish a population study society and national population institute. Recently, population growth rate in Taiwan has fallen to 1.55%. If Taiwan can further enhance population studies, it can become a role model to other Asian countries.

This was an experiment to test both the feasibility of purchasing condom through mailing and the usefulness of small incentive, i.e. two dozens of free condom. It took women of Taipei City who registered their marriage during July 1981 as its population. 708 women were systematically selected from the population. The sample were again systematically assigned to three groups. The first group is named mailing-group who received only a letter explaining the way of purchasing condom by mail. The second one is so called interviewing-group. Women of this group were visited by interviewers and the explaining letter was handed to them in person. The third group is the free-group. They received both the explanatory letter and two dozens of free condom from interviewers. The three groups were followed up once to twice in a one-year interval. Three hypotheses were supported by the experimental data. They were: (1) The free-group were more sensitive to information regarding condom than the other two groups; (2)The condom acceptance proportion for the free-group was higher than that for the other two groups; (3)The free-group had a lower pregnancy proportion than the other two groups.

Demographic analysis and theory regarding demographic transition has tended to focus on the perspective of innovation-diffusion of the practice of birth control. By comparison, relatively little attention has been devoted to the study of the geographical pattern of the innovation-diffusion of family limitation practice. This paper attempts to use map-analysis to study the transition of family limitation practice in Taiwan between 1961 and 1980.