本文之目的在於透過戶籍人口與普查人口的比較以評價2000年戶口普查的結果，本文的分析結果發現在分別扣除外籍人口與出國三個月以上人口後。普查所得人口比戶籍登記人口少157,516人，佔戶籍人口之0.7%。以整體人口而言，差異微小。
但是小行政區域如鄉鎮，乃至於縣市，受到制度變更與工業化與都市化的衝擊，日積月累，使得普查與戶籍人口之組成產生不小的實質差異。以性別而言，男性普查人口少於戶籍人口414,665人。女性則是普查人口比戶籍人口多出572,181人。前者，所反應的主要是制度上的問題，後者則是都市化的影響。性別與年齡同時觀察時，兩性之作用方向大致仍然相反，而某些年齡組的差異更加顯著。年輕男性普查人口比戶籍人口多出5.0%至8.0%，這些人多數未婚。而已婚人口差異更小。這些差異主要是工業化與都市化透過就學、就業與兵役所產生。教育組成方面，國中、國小兩種教育程度因制度因素使得普查與戶籍人口差異都在76%以上。

This paper aims to evaluate the results of Taiwan Census 2000, comparing its census and registered populations. A close analysis has shown that when the number of aliens and people who were outside of the country for 3 months or more are excluded respectively, the number of people surveyed in the census was 157,716 less than the registered population. This accounts for a difference of only 0.7% of the registered population.
However, smaller local administrative units such as townships, counties and cities, impacted by constant institutional changes, Industrialization and urbanization, have seen quite substantial differentials between the census and registered populations. The number of males in the census, for example, is 414,665 less than the registered population. At the same time the number of females in the census is 572,181 more than the registered population. The former reflects the results of institutional changes while the latter impacts of urbanization. Nonetheless, when gender and age are controlled simultaneously, the direction of differences between genders remains unchanged. Nevertheless, the differences between genders have increased for some age groups – the young male census population is 5 to 8% greater than the registered population with most young males being single. Among those who are married, the differences between the census and registered populations are smaller. These differences are mainly due to the impacts of urbanization, education, employment, and national service. Finally, in terms of educational composition between the two populations, institutional changes have seen their differences as high as 76% or more at both primary and junior high school levels.

本研究採用主計處「家庭收支調查」1991-2000共十年資料，分析台灣地區單人戶的人口特質與經濟特性，及其變化趨勢。鑒於人口的高齡化以及老人單人戶的社會弱勢，解析其貧窮的人口特質也是本文之重點。
台灣地區單人戶，從1991年佔總普通住戶之5.83%持續增加至2000年10.82%；若以數量來說，從約30萬增至71萬戶，多了一倍以上。其中65歲以上老人為最多，佔四成左右。單人戶當中一直是以未婚人口為最多，其次為喪偶人口，再次者為離婚。喪偶人口比例隨著年齡層降低而減少，未婚人口比例則呈相反的方向。在各年齡層當中，老人單人戶以喪偶比例最高，未婚為次多，離婚人口所佔比例則相當低。至於單人戶的性別，老人單人戶從男性佔將近百分之七十持續下降至約百分之五十。大致上反映該年齡層台灣特殊的人口結構，以及女性平均餘命高於男性的現象。
關於單人戶之經濟狀況，本研究以官方「低收入」以及「相對貧窮」兩種測量，來比較各年齡層單人戶落入貧窮的情形。研究發現，除了55-64歲組在近三年有後來居上的情形，老人單人戶貧窮率均較其他年齡層為高。在老人單人戶中，女性貧窮率較男性為高，喪偶者比非喪偶者高；在多變項分析中也證實了性別的淨效應，且進一步指出教育程度與年齡對貧窮的顯著影響，也就是教育程度低或年齡較長者越有可能成為貧窮。

Using data from the Surveys of Family Income and Expenditure between 1991 and 2000, this paper examines the changes in demographic and economic features of single-person households in Taiwan. Specifically, it focuses on households that are vulnerable and in poverty occupied by a single-person aged 65 and above.
According to estimates from samples across Taiwan, the proportion of single-person households in the country has raised from 5.83% in 1991 to 10.82% in 2000. Similarly the total number of single-person households has also increased from 300,000 to 710,000 between 1991 and 2000. Furthermore, 40% of these householders are elderly people. However, at the beginning of the 1990s, about 70% of all single-person householders were male. They have since dropped to about 50% in 2000.
This research employs the official poverty line as well as other relative poverty measures to indicate the poverty situation of singleperson households of all ages. Not surprisingly, the poverty rates among the aged are higher than the younger cohorts, except for those between 55 and 64 in recent years. Among the aged single-person householders, females were more likely to experience economic plights than males. With the use of logit models, the net effects of gender and education are further confirmed.

本文主要採空間自相關空間分析理論，以台灣中部地區106個鄉鎮市區為研究單元，1980-2000年為時間軸，進行人口老化空間分布型態變遷之實證研究。
研究中由Moran I 指數的檢驗，得知歷年人口高齡化及人口年輕化地區呈現空間聚集現象。藉各年度空間自相關係數圖的繪製及分析，聚集狀態皆為多核心，而各核心區範圍不斷擴大，聚集區與聚集區之間的距離逐年拉近，顯示聚集區有擴散效應存在。最末，採區域空間自相關分析法了解聚集區的空間分布位置，發現老化未顯著的年輕化聚集區三年度皆以台中市及其近郊為核心，聚集範圍略有擴大但強度減弱。而老化顯著的高齡化人口聚集現象則較不明顯，主要分散於各縣市之偏遠丘陵山地或發展較為遲緩的農村地區。由於高齡化聚集區個數日益增多，但強度趨弱，反應出高齡化人口的空間分布逐漸轉向均勻、隨機的分布狀態。
隨著台灣地區老化現象普遍化，早期相關文獻中提及之老化聚集的情況已趨弱。在老化現象趨向均勻分布的背景下，老化顯著聚集區已不再是昔日被年輕化地區包圍成塊的弱勢區，相反地，老化未顯著的年輕化地區繼老化聚集現象之後，朝向被孤立的團狀聚集發展。

This paper applies spatial autocorrelation statistics to analyze the spatial differentiation and transition of aging population during the period of 1980 and 2000 based on data collected from 106 administrative units in Central Taiwan.
Moran’s I statistic is employed in this research to measure the spatial association of population aging. Results have shown that the distribution of aging exhibits a spatial concentration and expansion over time. In addition, spatial autocorrelation correlograms based on Z(I) statistic have also shown that the distance among spatial clusters tends to decrease during the study period. Finally, this study has identified the actual clusters according to local index of spatial autocorrelation. It suggests that most clusters of aging in the study area appear mainly in mountain or rural areas where slower development have occured, while clusters of younger population, on the other hand, concentrate mostly in urban areas. The fact that the number of clusters of aging population increases and the value of Z(I) statistic decreases throughout the study period suggests that distribution of aging population becomes less concentrated over space.
It can be concluded that as population aging in Taiwan becomes more common in recent years, the aging population tends to be more evenly distributed over space. This finding is quite different from conclusions drawn in earlier studies. The distribution of the younger population, however, has shown a tendency towards spatial concentration within a few relatively isolated clusters.

本文使用行政院主計處1998年的「台灣地區社會發展趨勢調查」資料，分析子女離開父母家庭的過程與原因，同時建立子女離家生命表。研究結果指出男性離家的主要原因為就業、結婚與另購住宅或空間不足，但因就業而離家的比率有下降的趨勢，而因另購住宅或空間不足而離家的比率則有上升的趨勢。女性離家最主要的原因為結婚，歷年均占了七成以上。就業在離家原因當中所占的比重先增後減，因求學而離家的比重大致上呈增加的趨勢。在離家的步調方面，不僅離家年齡延後，年齡別離家率也普遍降低，而且男性離家率的年齡分配從雙峰型態逐漸轉為單峰型態，女性的型態則似乎有相反的發展方向。在考慮死亡與離家雙遞減因素之後，我們計算出離家與死亡生命表，子女與父母同住的比率呈上升的趨勢，反映生育率的下跌使得兄弟姐妹人數減少，致使與老年父母同居的機會大增；對映老年人口與子女同居比率逐漸下降的趨勢，顯示老年人同居傾向與子女數量這兩個因素在代間居住安排上的拉鋸。

Using data from the 1998 Trends of Social Development Survey, this paper examines the reasons and schedules for young people leaving home between 1950 and 1997 in Taiwan. A multiple decrement approach is also employed to establish the life tables of these young people for leaving home. The results have indicated that for men, the main reasons for them to leave home are employment, marriage and limited space at home with their parents. However, less are leaving home for employment while more are doing so for the reason of limited space. For women the most important reason of moving out has always been marriage, with more than 70% doing so each year. Comparing to the past, for both men and women, their schedules for leaving home have been delayed and the age-specific occurrence rates for leaving home are also decreasing. It is most likely that adult children will continue to stay with their parents in the future.

「生育率的降低」是影響台灣地區近年來人口老化的顯著因素之一，因其變化幅度通常高於死亡率，對人口結構的影響較大。本文研究台灣地區15 至49 歲五歲一組的婦女生育率，引進Gamma函數、Gompertz函數、Lee-Carter法三種模型及單一年齡組個別估計法，以西元1951 年至1995 年的資料為基礎，西元1996 年至2000 年資料為檢測樣本的驗證資料，比較上述四種方法，尋求較適合台灣地區生育率的模型。研究發現如要預測總生育率，建議使用單一年齡組個別估計法或經由WLS 修正的Lee-Carter 模型；預測年齡別生育率，建議使用單一年齡組個別估計法或Gompertz 模型。

In recent years because of the aging population, there have been great changes in Taiwan’s fertility and mortality rates. As the proportion of elderly people aged 65 and over increase dramatically from 2.6% in 1965 to 8.8% in 2001, the decrease of fertility rate is most significant. In 1961, the total fertility rate was 5.58. By 1981, it was dropped to 1.67 and in 2001, further to 1.4, a reduction of almost 70% within 20 years.
This paper examines the fertility pattern in the Taiwan area. In particular, it aims to review the various fertility models and seek for the model that is most appropriate for describing the situation in Taiwan. The models considered are Gamma function, Gompertz function, Lee-Carter method and individual group estimation. Data from 1951 to 1995 is used as a pilot for verifying the model which has the best fit for data gathered from 1996 to 2000. It is found that individual group estimation and the Lee-Carter method have least errors for predicting total fertility rates; while individual group estimation and Gompertz function are more effective for predicting age-specific fertility rates.