本研究目的為探討臺灣鄉鎮市區自殺死亡率的空間聚集現象，並驗證自殺空間聚集現象的詮釋論：Durkheim《自殺論》與Tarde《模仿律》對臺灣自殺空間聚集解釋的適用性。同時，也瞭解前述現象之時間趨勢。使用行政院衛生署死因檔，以及戶口與住宅普查資料，本研究採用空間分析方法，分析1980、1990及2000年臺灣各鄉鎮市區自殺率的空間型態及其原因。探索式空間分析顯示臺灣各鄉鎮市區自殺率有顯著的空間群聚現象：山地鄉與東部鄉鎮為高自殺率的聚集區，而都會區則為低自殺率的聚集區。此外，自殺率空間聚集的強度有減弱的趨勢。在控制地區社會碎化與資源剝奪因素的影響後，臺灣的地區自殺率仍然呈現空間聚集性。同時，臺灣各地區自殺率的空間聚集現象，不支持Tarde認為地區自殺率的空間聚集是因為自殺模仿的觀點，而支持Durkheim認為地區自殺率的空間聚集是因為地區的社會經濟結構不利性的空間聚集之結果。最後，空間誤差模型顯示離婚人口比例、扶養比、嬰幼兒死亡率及農業人口比例愈高的區域，有愈高的自殺死亡率。

The aim of this study is to examine the geographic patterning of suicide rates across townships and the temporal evolution from 1980 to 2000 in Taiwan and to shed light on the appropriateness of spatial clustering mechanisms of local suicide rates in Taiwan, including both Durkheim's structural hypothesis and Tarde's imitation hypothesis. A spatial analysis of data from a mortality database and population and housing census data of Taiwan from 1980 to 2000 was conducted. The results of exploratory spatial data analysis show that township-level suicide rates exhibit significant spatial dependence in Taiwan. Clusters of high suicide rates are found in aboriginal areas and east townships, whereas those of low rates are detected in the metropolitan areas. The degree of spatial dependence of local suicide rates in Taiwan has weakened from 1980 to 2000. Controlling for effects of social fragmentation and resource deprivation, local suicide rates still manifest persistent spatial clustering patterns. The Lagrange Multiplier diagnostics support the Durkheimian perspective that the spatial clustering of suicide was only due to structural similarity between spatial units. And, the spatial imitation perspective suggested by Tarde plays no significant role in shaping the spatial clustering pattern of suicide in the Taiwan area. The results of spatial error models also indicate that the more severe the degree of social fragmentation and resource deprivation, the higher the rates of suicide local townships experience.

臺灣65歲以上老人佔全國比例從1996年的7.9%至2005年提升到9.7%，至今已超過200萬人，佔總人口比例的10%以上，其中約有12%~20%患有憂鬱(depression)，如果未來的老年人口不能更健康，則可預見將來家庭、社會及國家的負擔將會相當沉重。隨著年齡增長所累積的許多生活經驗，會增加老人心理健康的問題，憂鬱會影響老年人的生活品質，因此了解影響臺灣老年人憂鬱狀況的因素甚為重要。有鑒於此，本研究擬針對臺灣地區影響老人憂鬱狀態變化趨勢的相關因素，作深入的探討研究，以14年（1989-2003年）臺灣地區長期追蹤的老人為樣本，探討臺灣地區60歲以上老人憂鬱的變動趨勢。利用行政院衛生署國民健康局提供的1989-2003年五波「臺灣地區老人保健與生活問題長期追蹤調查」資料進行分析探討，以憂鬱量表(CES-D)建構老人憂鬱程度指標，指標值10分或以上歸類為有憂鬱之老人，本研究兼具橫斷面暨縱斷面分析，利用迴歸模式及邏輯斯迴歸模式探討比較1989-2003年五次調查之背景特徵、家庭狀況、社會經濟及健康狀況與老人憂鬱的關係，此外，將憂鬱狀態視為重覆變化事件，以GEE模式及復發事件存活模式分析此一長期追蹤資料，探討影響老人憂鬱的重要因子。研究結果顯示，五次調查迴歸分析及邏輯斯迴歸分析可看出各次調查中與憂鬱相關的因子之消長，從一開始多數因子的影響，直至2003年時調查結果顯示，配偶、經濟狀況、健康自評及體能狀況對老人憂鬱有顯著的相關。GEE模式除了失能狀況之外，背景特徵、家庭狀況、社會經濟及健康狀況相關因子大都與憂鬱有關，而復發事件存活模式(CP)則顯示在五次的調查期間開始無憂鬱的老人，經歷14年，年齡、教育程度、經濟狀況及健康自評與憂鬱的發生有密切的相關。

During the past decades, many developed and developing countries have experienced a steady increase in their elderly population. With an increase in the proportion of the elderly in the population, the focus of public health also needs major adjustments in health policies in order to face challenges due to change in age composition. One major problem in the elderly population is to deal with depression. This research used representative panel sample survey data collected in the five waves of ”The Longitudinal Sample Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan” conducted in 1989, 1993, 1996, 1999 and 2003 by the predecessor organization of the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health. Based on a panel sample of elderly who were 60 years old and over at the time of the first interview in 1989 and re-interviewed in 1993, 1996, 1999 and 2003, a complete set of depression scale (CES-D) data was used for this analysis. A depression index score (CES-D score) was constructed from ten items to measure the level of depression, and the elderly with a CES-D score equal or higher than 10 (CES-D≧10) were regarded as depressed (depression status). The purpose of this panel study is to explore the effect of various factors, e.g. health status, home and environment, and social and economic situation, on the changing status of depression of the elderly in Taiwan. Both Regression and Logistic Regression models are adopted to investigate the factors related to depression among the elderly in 5 waves of a cross-sectional survey. In addition, a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) accounts for the correlation among repeated observations, and a Recurrent Survival Model, which unites the recurrent events of depression in the five-wave survey, are employed for analyzing the changing status of depression and its related factors among the elderly in Taiwan.

當大部分移民研究著重在前往已開發國家的人群，預設並討論族群差異對移居生活的影響時，本文是以進入開發中國家的人群為對象，討論階層差異對移居生活的影響。根據筆者2004-2005年與2008-2009年對東莞與上海兩地單身臺灣女性的觀察，筆者發現雖然受訪者來自臺灣社會的不同階層，但是在當地都居於相對較高的社會地位。受訪者與當地人的階層差距，不是促成移居的主要動機，卻對定居的意願造成影響，特別展現在與當地男性的交往意願上。
對於受訪者而言，她們在當地社會的階層位置，主要取決於現居地（東莞或上海）與原居地（臺灣／臺北）在兩岸間的相對位階，以及臺灣人社群在中國大陸當地社會的位置。這樣相對優勢的階層位置，降低了受訪者與當地深入互動的意願，特別是與當地男性交往的意願。受訪者認為她們與當地男性的階層差距，不僅是經濟上消費能力的差距，更是文化上日常生活品味與感知氣息的差距，形成一種「不是不願融入，而是拒絕向下融入」的現象。
本研究從微觀的角度，討論階層位置對移居生活的影響，進而回答過去研究中「為什麼不願意融入」的問題。認為除了常討論的族群差異外，階層差異更可能影響移居生活，此一發現將有助於延伸既有的移民研究與臺商研究。

The author argues that class position is an important but neglected aspect of developing cross-border migration, especially for people moving from more- to less- developed countries. Single professional Taiwanese females in China are one such group of migrants. It is helpful to examine the influence of class on migration when the class gap between the migrants and the host society is obvious but the gap in ethnicity is little.
Most of the supporting information was gathered during informal but in-depth interviews with 14 single Taiwanese women in Dongguan and Shanghai, supplemented by data from ethnography on interviewees' daily lives in 2004-2005 and 2008-2009. The data indicate that despite these Taiwanese respondents' diverse backgrounds, all respondents had class position higher than most local Chinese. Due to this class gap, respondents were reluctant to mix with the locals, especially in terms of dating with Mainland Chinese men, unless these Chinese were definitely from the privileged class. Without the proper social life and intimate relationships, most respondents felt lonely and reluctant to settle down.
The finding of class influence on immigrants' daily lives has been little explored in the field of migration. It not only explains why respondents were reluctant to integrate with the host society, but also suggests a new direction of research for the fields of migration studies and class studies in the future.

一個國家的建立及發展與該國人口有關，依各地區人口成長趨勢推動相關政策，方能制定適合當地特性、符合經濟效益的政策。臺灣近年人口老化日益明顯，各縣市老化速度及人口結構不盡相同，若能獲得各地區未來人口相關資訊（亦即人口推估），再根據地區特性規劃需求，可減輕未來人口老化對臺灣造成的衝擊。本文即以縣市層級的人口推估，也就是小區域人口推估為目標，希冀提供臺灣各地未來政策規劃的參考。
本文考量的小區域人口推估，使用人口要素變動合成法(cohort component method)，加入生育、死亡、遷移三個因素，以臺北市、雲嘉兩縣、澎湖縣三個人口數不同的地區為範例，測試縣市層級的人口推估。對於生育、死亡、遷移三要素的未來數值推估，介紹不同模型，包括區塊拔靴法(block bootstrap)、篩網拔靴法(sieve bootstrap)、Lee-Carter模型及函數主成份分析(functional principal component analysis)。以估計誤差為衡量標準，比較年齡別死亡率，發現篩網拔靴法、區塊拔靴法、Lee-Carter模型三者的結果較佳；再將區塊拔靴法用於小區域推估，發現遷移對小區域人口扮演重要的角色，而且三個地區的人口老化速度也不一致，此與全國規模的人口推估結果截然不同。研究也發現人口三要素間是否相關也有影響，在傳統的人口推估通常假設三要素互相獨立，這種假設得出的預測區間遠小於三要素不獨立的結果。

The government can engage in better policy planning if the future population and its structure can be known in advance. This is especially true for local governments (e.g. at the county or township level) due to limited resources. Like many countries, Taiwan has been experiencing rapid population aging, and the allocation of resources has become very important. The aim of this paper is to find an appropriate method for projecting populations of small areas in Taiwan.
First, we use 3 areas (county level) of Taiwan: Taipei City, Yunlin & Chiayi, and PengHu, to explore whether the cohort component method can be used for small area population projection. Also, to decide the future values of birth, death, and migration, we experiment with several probabilistic methods, including the Lee-Carter model, block bootstrap, sieve bootstrap, and functional principal component analysis. The block bootstrap is chosen for its simplicity and good accuracy. Combining the block bootstrap with the cohort component, we found that migration plays an important role in small area projection, while birth is more important in country level projection.